Pdf to what extent can the lebanese civil war of 1975 be. Prelude to the civil war 1970 1975 the holiday inn. Civil war lebanon became embroiled in civil war among the christians, muslims, and palestinians from early 1975 to late 1976. The conflictridden modern history of the middle east provides a fertile and as yet rather unexplored soil for memory studies. While antisectarian mobilizations are typically led by youth and young adults born after or towards the end of the 19751990 civil war and usually instigated by political groups students. Four decades ago, on april 1975, the lebanese civil war broke out. Fullscale civil war erupted between leftist muslims with plo aid and conservative christians. Although there is a fairly good understandin g of causes and consequences of. In 1975, it was still possible to speak of the country as an example. The lebanese civil war was a multifaceted civil war in lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. The lebanese civil war 1975 1990 had its origin in the conflicts and political compromises of lebanon s colonial period and was exacerbated by the nations changing demographic trends, christian and muslim interreligious strife, and proximity to syria and israel. The historiography and the memory of the lebanese civil war. Prerequisites section 3 civil war 14 section 4 case study the lebanese civil war 19751990 17 lebanon a brief history 18 french mandate of lebanon. Its causes and actors andrea becker maren reyelt term paper advanced seminar politics international politics region.
The palestinians, for lots of reasons, decided to fight israel from lebanon. Lebanons civil war european union institute for security studies. Home this is a guide to informatuion resources about the lebanese civil war. As of 2012, approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within lebanon. The conflict, which lasted 15 years, cost 150,000 lives, injured 300,000, and led to the. An estimated 50,000 lebanese were killed and twice that number wounded.
They were not being properly represented in the government, as the leader of their country was christian. It was a maronite militias attacks on the palestinians that sparked the fighting in april 1975, committing the plo to the arab nationalist side. During the era between independence and the 1970s lebanon was viewed as a paragon of postcolonial success. See more ideas about lebanese civil war, lebanon and war. Pdf the path to syrian intervention in lebanon on the.
Gunmen attempt to assassinate maronite christian phalangist leader. This is a short documentary that i made based on the lebanese civil war where members of my family share their stories and experiences. See more ideas about lebanese civil war, war and lebanon. There was conflict between sunnis and shias, between christians and muslims, and the involvement of syria, israel and the palestine liberation organization plo. What are some good books on the lebanese civil war. At its peak it threatened to bring about the complete col lapse and disintegration of the.
The lebanese civil war was not a war between muslims and christians, at least not at all times, although it seemed to start along religious lines. During the era between independence and the 1970s lebanon was viewed as a. With similar conflicts now spreading throughout the middle east, lebanons tragic history can. Samir makdisi and richard sadaka, the lebanese civil war, 1975 90, in paul collier and nicholas sambanis, eds, understanding civil war. Instead, it was a war between left and right the left being strongly in favour of a redistribution of power according to existing realities, the right opposing such a.
This is an account of the turbulent saga of the only arab st. First of all, you should consider reading multiple lebanese civil war books, because each part have a different vision about every single action of this 15 years crisis. The strike of fishermen at sidon in february 1975 could be considered the first important episode that set off the outbreak of hostilities. Lebanese civil war, the first round of which began in april. Lebanese civil war simple english wikipedia, the free. Near east, near orient publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Aug 31, 2019 lebanese flags ad candles decorate pictures of lebanese civilians who went missing in lebanons 19751990 civil war, during a ceremony to honor them in beirut in 2007. The fighting that ravaged lebanon for fourteen years resulted in whole scale destruction of. The lebanese refer to the 17 year civil war, israeli invasion, car bombings, syrian occupation and every other calamity that struck this country on and after april, 1975, the official debut of the lebanese civil war, as the events. The sixteenyear long civil war in lebanon was caused by dissatisfaction over the distribution of political power.
Between 1975 and 1990, lebanon experienced one of the longest and bloodiest civil war in the living memory. Apr 08, 2012 haigazian universitys students lebanon, beirut made this video for awareness on the consequences of the civil war. The aim of this paper is to research and identify the causes and costs of the 19751990 lebanese civil war, the longest and most costly civil war in lebanon. This paper examines syrias intervention in lebanon during the five years preceding the civil war that broke out in april 1975. It includes information about books, encyclopedias, primary sources and other materials covering different aspects of the war. List of books and articles about lebanese civil war. Lebanons endless wait for missing persons of the civil war. Instead, it was a war between left and right the left being strongly in favour of a redistribution of power according to existing realities, the right opposing such a redistribution. You should get the israeli book the snow ball translated into arabic. The lebanese civil war was a bloody and complex conflict that raged in lebanon from 1975 until 1990.
Lebanon civil war 1975 1991 non lebanese military and paramilitary forces retain significant influence over much of the country. At its peak it threatened to bring about the complete collapse and disintegration of the lebanese state. Haigazian universitys students lebanon, beirut made this video for awareness on the consequences of the civil war. The system favoured christians who fought to eject palestinian armed forces, which sought to use the country as a spring board for attacks into adjacent israel. There was also an exodus of almost one million people from lebanon as a result of the war. Issues, actors, turning points, explanations there are many kinds of people, and most are malicious.
Formerly known as the switzerland of the middle east, an island of economic stability and social progress, lebanon was shattered by a civil war that raged from 1975 until 1990. Historiography and memory of the lebanese civil war 19751990. The aim of this paper is to research and identify the causes and costs of the 1975 1990 lebanese civil war, the longest and most costly civil war in lebanon. In 1975, it was still possible to speak of the country as. Pdf the path to syrian intervention in lebanon on the eve. Pitting the central government against different factions and al. Sixteen years of civil war transformed lebanon from a political model to a bogeyman. The lebanese civil war was a multisided military conflict that pitted a variety of local irregular militias, both muslim and christian, against each other between 1975 and 1990. The lebanese civil war had multiple causes claude salhani aw. Syrian prochristian forces imposed an october 1976 ceasefire, but conflict continued near the israeli border. Lebanese proverb1 sixteen years of civil war transformed lebanon from a political model to a bogeyman.
Pdf the causes of the lebanese civil war 19751990 from cairo. Lebanon civil war 1975 1991 nonlebanese military and paramilitary forces retain significant influence over much of the country. The war was fought between religious as well as political groups. The lebanese civil war was both an internal lebanese affair and a regional. Along with the fatalities, the fighting caused a mass exodus, which resulted in the displacement of nearly one milli. With similar conflicts now spreading throughout the middle east, lebanon s tragic history can. War of certain areas of lebanon lasting for 16 years and 7 months, beginning on april, 1975 and ending on october, 1990, but with pauses. During the fighting nearly 150,000 people were killed and another 200,000 wounded. A wide variety of weapons were used by the different armies and factions operating in the lebanese civil war. The accord ushered in lebanon s second republic, where power is equally divided between the christian and muslim communities. Lebanese flags ad candles decorate pictures of lebanese civilians who went missing in lebanons 19751990 civil war, during a ceremony to honor them in beirut in 2007. The lebanese civil war was a conflict fought in lebanon from 19751990, with approximately 120,000 casualties reported. Palestinian groups hostile to both the lebanese government and.
After a short break in the fighting in 1976 due to arab league mediation and syrian intervention, civil strife continued. To what extent can the lebanese civil war of 1975 be understood as a contest between mutuallyantagonistic traumatised societies. Alliances between lebanese groups sometimes shifted, as. May 22, 2014 this is a short documentary that i made based on the lebanese civil war where members of my family share their stories and experiences. The main groups were the maronite christians, shii. Lebanese civil war 19751990 the encyclopedia of war. About 1,600 people died during the siege, 4,000 were wounded, and. At the request of lebanons president, syrian forces entered lebanon apr. The numbers of palestinian christians has diminished in later years, as many have managed to leave lebanon. In the lebanese civil war, the citizens of lebanon wanted their civil rights. The accord ushered in lebanons second republic, where power is equally divided between the christian and muslim communities. The conflict, which lasted 15 years, cost 150,000 lives, injured 300,000, and led to the emigration of almost a million people, brought the lebanese state to near collapse. About 1,600 people died during the siege, 4,000 were wounded, and 6,000 read more.
Gunmen attempt to assassinate maronite christian phalangist leader pierre gemayel as hes leaving church that sunday. Hezbollah warned on friday that a power vacuum could tip lebanon into civil war, suggesting that adversaries including the united states and israel were seeking to exploit an unprecedented wave of. During the lebanese civil war that began in the spring of 1975 between muslims and christians, the camp was decimated in august of 1976 after a 52day siege by christian militiamen aided by syrian troops. The problem with this was that shias and sunnis both wanted more power in government than each other. During the lebanese civil war, palestinian christians sided with the rest of the palestinian community, instead of allying with lebanese eastern orthodox or other christian communities. Between 1975 and 1990, lebanon experienced one of the longest and bloodiest civil war in the. For some reason, all of a sudden, they became armed, and they wanted to fight israel from lebanon.